I deepened my understanding of sock construction by taking a class called "design your own socks" by JC Briar. It's a good class and I think she's in your neck of the woods. In the class she recommended the following other resources:
Ethnic Socks and Stockings, Priscilla Gibson-Roberts—Eastern socks, toe-up, with inserted heels, historical, several toes and heels covered. charts. "inspirational".
Folk Socks, Nancy Bush—Western Europe socks, history, and patterns based on historical examples. flap and gusset heels.
Knit Socks! Betsy McCarthy—patterns, some in worsted weight. tips. suggestions for ways to use self patterning yarns.
Ribbing Plain & Fancy Slayton—booklet, mini stitch dictionary, design advice
Sensational Knitted Socks, More Sensational Knitted Socks Charlene Schurch—many sizes, gauges, stitch patterns arranged by size
Simple Socks, Plain & Fancy, Priscilla Gibson-Roberts—Unusual short-row method using yarn overs and decreases
People have also recommended Cat Bordhi's books (Socks Soar on Two Circular Needles and New Pathways for Sock Knitters); I haven't investigated them myself.
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People have also recommended Cat Bordhi's books (Socks Soar on Two Circular Needles and New Pathways for Sock Knitters); I haven't investigated them myself.